BRUNER'S CONTRUCTIVISTIC THEORY OF LEARNING


Highlights of the theory

1. Leaning is an active process in which learners constructs new ideas or concepts based on present or past knowledge.
2. Learner selects information, construct hypotheses and make decisions, relying on cognitive structures (mental model) to do so.
3. Cognitive structures provide meaning and organisation to experiences.
4. Teacher and students should try to engage in active dialogue and try to discover principles.

Major aspects of theory
According to Bruner instruction should address four major aspects

1. Pre-disposition towards learning - curiosity, willingness, exploration
2. Structured knowledge - structured for easy understanding.
3. Sequence - in which material should be presented - sequencing should move from enactive (first-hand, concrete), to iconic (visual, representative ), to symbolic (descriptions in words or mathematical symbols). 
4. Nature of reward and punishment (reinforcement /motivation)

Principles of Constructivistic Theory
1. Readiness - experiences which make the students willing to learn 
2. Spiral Organisation - continuously building what students have already leant
3. Going beyond the information - facilitate exploration



References -
http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/constructivist.html 
http://artofteachingscience.org/mos/2.7.html
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